After more than a decade of intermittent negotiations, the U.S.-Saudi nuclear cooperation agreement is now finalized and in the hands of Congress. During the mandated 90-day review, members of Congress have a critical opportunity to assess the proliferation risks posed by the Saudi agreement and act to approve, modify, or disapprove it.

The June 2026 Islamabad memorandum of understanding to halt the U.S.-Israeli war against Iran and reopen the Strait of Hormuz is a flawed but welcome development. This interim agreement aims to halt a misbegotten conflict that has killed thousands of people, disrupted the global economy, and failed to address the proliferation risk posed by Iran’s nuclear program, which cannot be bombed away.

U.S. President Donald Trump continues to allege, without evidence, that Iran’s nuclear program posed an imminent threat to the United States. The following are answers to frequently asked questions about Iran’s proliferation risk and nuclear security issues.